Main effect of Group, main effect of Type (ANP/EP), and interaction effect on resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF).

<p>R/L, left or right hemisphere; k<i>E</i>, clustersize in voxels (one voxel is 2×2×2 mm); Pre-SMA, pre-supplementary motor area; DMPFC, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; pgACC, perigenual anterior cingulate cortex; SMA, supplementary motor area; MPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; sgACC, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex; aMCC, anterior midcingulate cortex, pMCC, posterior midcingulate cortex;</p>a<p>MNI coordinates (in mm) refer to the maximum of signal change in each region.</p

Significant rCBF increases in genuine EP (DIDep) compared to genuine ANP (DIDanp) in (A) the primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, premotor cortex and in (B) the pre-SMA and DMPFC.

<p>Significant rCBF increases in genuine EP (DIDep) compared to genuine ANP (DIDanp) in (A) the primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex, premotor cortex and in (B) the pre-SMA and DMPFC.</p

Group differences in resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF).

<p>R/L, left or right hemisphere; k<i>E</i>, cluster-size in voxels (one voxel is 2×2×2 mm); n.s., not significant; DID, patient group; SIM, DID simulating control group; DMPFC, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex.</p>a<p>MNI coordinates (in mm) refer to the maximum of signal change in each region.</p

Type (ANP/EP) effects between groups on resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF).

<p>R/L, left or right hemisphere; k<i>E</i>, cluster-size in voxels (one voxel is 2×2×2 mm); DIDanp, ANP DID group; DIDep, EP DID group; SIManp, ANP control group; SIMep, EP control group; dPCC, dorsal posterior cingulate cortex; DMPFC, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; SMA, supplementary motor area.</p>a<p>MNI coordinates (in mm) refer to the maximum of signal change in each region.</p

Resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) differences between DID patients and non-simulating controls.

<p>R/L, left or right hemisphere; k<i>E</i>, cluster-size in voxels (one voxel is 2×2×2 mm); DID, patient group; NS, non-simulating control group; DIDanp, ANP DID group; DIDep, EP DID group; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; DMPFC, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; MPFC, medial prefrontal cortex.</p>a<p>MNI coordinates (in mm) refer to the maximum of signal change in each region.</p><p>*corrected for multiple comparisons using cluster-level statistics, <i>p</i>≤0.05.</p

Type (ANP/EP) effects within groups on resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF).

<p>R/L, left or right hemisphere; k<i>E</i>, cluster-size in voxels (one voxel is 2×2×2 mm); DIDanp, ANP DID group; DIDep, EP DID group; SIManp, ANP control group; SIMep, EP control group; Pre-SMA, pre-supplementary motor area; DMPFC, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; pgACC, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex.</p>a<p>MNI coordinates (in mm) refer to the maximum of signal change in each region.</p

Main effects.

<p>Overview of brain areas with statistically significant cerebral blood flow changes when comparing DID patients to high or low DID simulating controls (CH and CL respectively) for the dissociative identity state main effects.</p><p>DID  =  dissociative identity disorder patient group.</p><p>CH  =  high fantasy prone DID simulating control group.</p><p>CL  =  low fantasy prone DID simulating control group.</p>I<p> =  <i>A priori</i> brain areas based on Reinders et al. (2006) <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039279#pone.0039279-Reinders2" target="_blank">[40]</a>.</p>II<p> =  Brain areas found only in the DID within group analysis.</p>III<p> =  Brain areas found in the DID within group analysis, in the DID versus CH between group analysis <i>and</i> in the DID versus CL between group analysis.</p>IIIa<p> =  Brain areas found in the DID within group analysis <i>and</i> in the DID versus CH between group analysis.</p>IIIb<p> =  Brain areas found in the DID within group analysis <i>and</i> in the DID versus CL between group analysis.</p>IV<p> =  Brain areas not found in the DID within group analysis <i>but</i> appears in the between group analysis DID versus CH <i>or</i> DID versus CL.</p>1<p> =  first peak voxel in the cluster of the specified size.</p>2<p> =  second peak voxel in the cluster of the specified size.</p>3<p> =  third peak voxel in the cluster of the specified size.</p>**<p> =  whole brain multiple comparison correction (<i>p</i><0.05) using false discovery rate statistics <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039279#pone.0039279-Genovese1" target="_blank">[85]</a>.</p>*<p> =  region of interest multiple comparison correction (<i>p</i><0.05) using false discovery rate statistics <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039279#pone.0039279-Genovese1" target="_blank">[85]</a>.</p>u<p> =  Callosomarginal sulcus (SCM) ( =  Cingulate sulcus).</p>v<p> =  Supramarginal gyrus (Rostral I. Parietal Lobule).</p><p>(x, y, z)  =  MNI coordinates in mm.</p><p>L/R  =  Left/Right.</p><p>kE  =  clustersize in voxels (one voxel is 2×2×2 mm).</p><p>NIS  =  neutral identity state.</p><p>TIS  =  trauma-related identity state.</p><p>BA  =  Brodmann area.</p><p>I.  =  inferior; M.  =  middle; S.  =  superior.</p

“Glass brain” renderings show differences in the processing of the trauma-related text (indicated with a small ‘t’) between the trauma-related identity state (TIS) and the neutral identity state (NIS).

<p>Differences in regional cerebral bloodflow patterns for the dissociative identity disorder (DID) group (left) and the comparison of this group to the high (middle) and low (right) fantasy prone DID simulating controls (CH and CL respectively) are depicted. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039279#pone-0039279-t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a> for the specific areas.</p

“Glass brain” renderings showing the dissociative identity state main effects, both for the trauma-related identity state (TIS) and for the neutral identity state (NIS), for the dissociative identity disorder (DID) group (left) and the comparison of this group to the high (middle) and low (right) fantasy prone DID simulating controls (CH and CL respectively).

<p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039279#pone-0039279-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a> for the specific areas.</p

“Glass brain” renderings show differences in the processing of the trauma-related text (indicated with a small ‘t’) and the neutral text (indicated with a small ‘n’) within the trauma-related identity state (TIS).

<p>Differences in regional cerebral blood flow patterns for the dissociative identity disorder (DID) group (left) and the comparison of this group to the high (middle) and low (right) fantasy prone DID simulating controls (CH and CL respectively) are depicted. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0039279#pone-0039279-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a> for the specific areas.</p